What are living benefits in life insurance?

This answer is about Life insurance.

Accelerated death benefit (ADB) riders

An ADB rider lets a qualifying policyholder receive a portion of the death benefit early. Common triggers include: terminal illness (typically a physician-certified life expectancy of 12–24 months or less), chronic illness (unable to perform certain activities of daily living), and, on some policies, critical illness. Amounts advanced under ADB reduce the eventual death benefit paid to beneficiaries.

Long-term care and chronic illness riders

LTC and chronic-illness riders accelerate the death benefit to pay for qualifying long-term care needs (bathing, dressing, cognitive impairment, etc.). Definitions and monthly maximums vary by insurer and state.

Cash-value access on permanent policies

• Policy loans against cash value — no credit check; unpaid loans reduce the death benefit.
• Partial withdrawals — up to basis is generally income-tax-free; amounts above basis are taxable.
• Full surrender — cancel the policy for its cash surrender value; gains above basis are taxable.

Tax treatment

Under U.S. tax rules, accelerated death benefits paid to the terminally or chronically ill are generally not taxable as income (limits and definitions apply — see the IRS life insurance proceeds FAQ and consult a tax advisor). Cash-value growth is generally tax-deferred; how withdrawals and loans are taxed depends on the policy's cost basis and whether it is classified as a modified endowment contract (MEC).

Educational information only; consult a CPA or tax attorney before accessing living benefits so you understand the tax impact for your situation.